ValueError: TSNE perplexity out of range

ValueError: TSNE perplexity out of range

$ python -c "from sklearn.manifold import TSNE; TSNE(perplexity=0).fit_transform([[0],[1],[2],[3]])"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: perplexity must be in (0, n_samples - 1)

Why this happens

perplexity must be positive and less than n_samples-1. Extremely high values relative to sample size are invalid.

Fix

Pick a value like 5–50, ensuring perplexity < n_samples.

Wrong code

from sklearn.manifold import TSNE
TSNE(perplexity=100, n_iter=250).fit_transform([[0],[1],[2]])

Fixed code

from sklearn.manifold import TSNE
TSNE(perplexity=5, n_iter=250).fit_transform([[0],[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9]])