ValueError: n_components must be between 0 and n_features (PCA)

ValueError: PCA n_components out of range

$ python -c "from sklearn.decomposition import PCA; import numpy as np; X=np.random.rand(5,2); PCA(n_components=3).fit(X)"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: n_components=3 must be between 0 and min(n_samples, n_features)=2.

Why this happens

• n_components too large for the data.

Fix

• Choose n_components <= min(n_samples, n_features).

Wrong code

PCA(n_components=3).fit(X)

Fixed code

PCA(n_components=2).fit(X)