TypeError: 'axis' must be an integer (got float)

TypeError: ‘axis’ must be an integer

$ python -c "import numpy as np; a=np.zeros((2,3)); np.sum(a, axis=1.0)"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'axis' must be an integer

Why this happens

NumPy expects axis indices to be integers (or tuples of integers). Passing floats or other types raises this error.

Fix

Convert axis values to int or validate inputs before calling NumPy. Use negative indices for counting from the end.

Wrong code

import numpy as np
a = np.zeros((2,3))
np.sum(a, axis=1.0)

Fixed code

import numpy as np
a = np.zeros((2,3))
np.sum(a, axis=int(1.0))
# or simply
np.sum(a, axis=1)