TypeError: QuerySet/Model not JSON serializable

TypeError: QuerySet/Model not JSON serializable

$ python manage.py shell -c "from django.http import JsonResponse; from django.contrib.auth.models import User; JsonResponse(User.objects.all(), safe=False)"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Object of type QuerySet is not JSON serializable

Why this happens

JsonResponse expects dict/list of primitives. ORM objects aren’t serializable by default.

Fix

Serialize using .values() or DRF serializers, or convert to plain Python types.

Wrong code

return JsonResponse(User.objects.first())

Fixed code

user = User.objects.values("id", "username").first()
return JsonResponse(user)